Real may also refer to:

Reality, the state of things as they actually exist, rather than as they may appear or may be thought to be.

Finance

Inflation adjusted amounts

Currencies:

Brazilian real

Former currencies:

Mexican real

Portuguese real

Spanish real

See also:

Riyal and rial, various currencies in the Arab world (names derived from the Spanish real)

Cambodian riel, currency of Cambodia (also derived from the Spanish real)

Geography

Real, Quezon, a municipality in the Philippines

Several parishes in Portugal

*Real (Braga) parish, located in Braga

Réal, a commune in southern France

Real (Ribera alta), a municipality in the Valencian Community

Real (Ponce), a barrio in Ponce, Puerto Rico

Media and entertainment

''Real'' (L'Arc-en-Ciel album)

''Real'' (Michael Sweet album)

''Real'' (Ednita Nazario album)

''Real'' (Israel & New Breed album)

''Real'' (Ivy Queen album)

"Real" (James Wesley song)

"Real" (Goo Goo Dolls song)

"Real" (Plumb song)

''Real'' (manga)

RealNetworks, an Internet media provider

Real, a member of the band F.I.R.

"Real" (television moniker of reality star Ahmad Givens)

"Real," a song by James Wesley

Wesley Maynor

Sports

Real (), translated from Spanish as "royal", is a title historically used by sports clubs to designate a royal status.

Real Madrid C.F., a Spanish multi-sports club whose football section is most commonly associated with the title

* Real Madrid Castilla, first reserve team

* Real Madrid C, second reserve team

* Real Madrid Baloncesto, the club's basketball section

Other football (soccer) teams:

Bolivia

*Municipal Real Mamoré

Brazil

*Associação Esportiva Real

*Real Noroeste Capixaba Futebol Clube

Honduras

*Real España

**Real España Las Vegas, reserve team

*Real Maya

*Real Sociedad

Mexico

*Real Club España

*Real Sociedad de Zacatecas

Nicaragua

*Real Estelí

*Real Madriz

Spain

*Real Aranjuez CF

*Real Ávila CF

*Real Avilés Industrial

*Real Betis

**Real Betis B, reserve team

*Real Burgos CF

*Real Club Celta de Vigo

*Real Club Recreativo de Huelva

**Real Club Recreativo de Huelva B, reserve team

*Real Jaén

*Real Murcia

*Real Oviedo

**Real Oviedo Vetusta, reserve team

*Real Racing Club de Santander (Racing de Santander)

**Real Racing Club de Santander B (Racing de Santander B), reserve team

*Real Sociedad

**Real Sociedad B, reserve team

*Real Sporting de Gijón

*Real Unión

*Real Valladolid

**Real Valladolid B, reserve team

*Real Zaragoza

**Real Zaragoza B, reserve team

*Real Club Deportivo de La Coruña

*Real Club Deportivo Mallorca

*Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol

**Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol B, reserve team

United States

*Real Atlantico, a Puerto Rican club

*Real Colorado Cougars, a women's soccer (football) club based in Colorado

*Real Colorado Foxes, a soccer (football) club based in Colorado

*Real Maryland, a soccer (football) club based in Maryland

*Real Salt Lake, a soccer (football) club based in Utah

*Real San Jose, a soccer (football) club based in California

*Real Shore FC, a soccer (football) club based in New Jersey

Other meanings

Real (galley), the flagship of Don Juan de Austria

Real (hypermarket)

The Real, an aspect of human psychic structure

REAL ID Act, a piece of legislation of the United States Congress

the "Revised European-American Lymphoma classification" (REAL), an international classification of lymphomas

Real number, a concept in mathematics

REAL, Réseau Express de l'Aire urbaine Lyonnaise is the name of the railroads in Lyon's agglomeration.

REAL Crisps A brand of potato crisp manufactured in Newport, Wales.

Real, a motorcycle constructed by Manfred Herweh.

ca:Real cs:Reál de:Real es:Real eu:Real (argipena) fr:Real gl:Real ko:Real hr:Real (razdvojba) it:Real lv:Real nl:Real ja:リアル pl:Real pt:Real ro:Real ru:Реал sv:Real (olika betydelser) uk:Реал war:Real

Name	Derrick Bell
Birth date	November 06, 1930
Birth place	Hill District of Pittsburgh
Death date	October 05, 2011
Death place	New York City, New York
Nationality	American
Known for	Critical race theory
Education	A.B. from Duquesne University LL.B. from the University of Pittsburgh School of Law
Employer	New York University School of Law
Occupation	University Professor, Author
Religion	Presbyterianism
Spouse	Jewel Hairston Bell (died 1990); Janet Dewart Bell (circa 1992–2011)
Children	3
Website	http://professorderrickbell.com/
Footnotes	}}

Derrick Albert Bell, Jr. (November 6, 1930 – October 5, 2011) was the first tenured African-American Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and is largely credited as one of the originators of critical race theory. He was a Visiting Professor at New York University School of Law from 1991 until his death. He was also a former Dean of the University of Oregon School of Law.

Education and early career

Born in the Hill District of Pittsburgh, Bell received an A.B. from Duquesne University in 1952. He was a member of the Duquesne Reserve Officers' Training Corps and later served as an Air Force officer for two years (stationed in Korea for one of those years). In 1957 he received an LL.B. from the University of Pittsburgh School of Law. After graduation, and after a recommendation from then United States Associate Attorney General William P. Rogers, Bell took a position with the Civil Rights Division of the U.S. Justice Department. He was one of the few black lawyers working for the Justice Department at the time. In 1959, the government asked him to resign his membership in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) because it was thought that his objectivity, and that of the department, might be compromised or called into question. Bell quit from his job rather than giving up his NAACP membership.

Soon afterwards, Bell took a position as an assistant counsel for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund (LDF), crafting legal strategies at the forefront of the battle to undo racist laws and segregation in schools. At the LDF, he worked alongside other prominent civil rights attorneys such as Thurgood Marshall, Robert L. Carter and Constance Baker Motley. Bell was assigned to Mississippi. While working at the LDF, Bell supervised more than 300 school desegregation cases and spearheaded the fight of James Meredith to secure admission to the University of Mississippi over the protests of Governor Ross Barnett.

"I learned a lot about evasiveness, and how racists could use a system to forestall equality," Bell was quoted as saying in The Boston Globe ... "I also learned a lot riding those dusty roads and walking into those sullen hostile courts in Jackson, Mississippi. It just seems that unless something's pushed, unless you litigate, nothing happens."

In the mid-1960s Bell was appointed to the law faculty of the University of Southern California as executive director of the Western Center on Law and Poverty.

Academic career

Harvard Law School

In 1969, with the help of protests from black Harvard Law School students for a minority faculty member, Bell was hired to teach there. At Harvard, Bell established a new course in civil rights law, published a celebrated case book, ''Race, Racism and American Law'', and produced a steady stream of law review articles. But Bell, who became the first black tenured professor in Harvard Law School's history in 1971, polarized others with his accusations of racism, which some saw as principles and others as too quick.

Protests over faculty diversity

In 1980, he started a five year tenure as dean of the University of Oregon School of Law, interrupted by his resignation after an Asian-American woman he had chosen to join the faculty was refused by the university.

Returning to Harvard in 1986, after a year-long stint at Stanford University, Bell staged a five-day sit-in in his office to protest the school's failure to grant tenure to two professors on staff, both of whose work promoted critical race theory. The sit-in was widely supported by students, but divided the faculty, as Harvard administrators claimed the professors were denied tenure for substandard scholarship and teaching.

In 1990, Harvard had 60 tenured professors. Three of these were black men, and five of them were women, but there were no black women among them, a dearth Bell decided to protest with an unpaid leave of absence.. Students supported the move which critics found "counterproductive", while Harvard administrators cited a lack of qualified candidates, defending that they had taken great strides in the previous decade to bring women and black people onto the faculty. The story of his protest is detailed in his book ''Confronting Authority''.

Bell's protest at Harvard stirred angry criticism by opposing Harvard Law faculty who called him "a media manipulator who unfairly attacked the school", noting that other people had accused him of "depriv[ing] students of an education while he makes money on the lecture circuit".

Bell took his leave of absence and accepted a visiting professorship at NYU Law starting in 1991. After two years, Harvard had still not hired any minority women, and Bell requested an extension of his leave which the school refused, thereby ending his tenure. It took until 1998 for Harvard Law to hire civil rights attorney and U.S. Assistant Attorney General nominee, Lani Guinier, who became the law school's first female African-American tenured professor.

In March 2012, five months after his death, Bell became the target of conservative media, including Breitbart.com and Sean Hannity, in an attack against President Barack Obama. The controversy focused on a 1991 video of Obama introducing Bell at a protest by Harvard Law School students over the lack of diversity in the school's faculty. Bell's widow stated that Bell and Obama had "very little contact" after Obama's law school graduation. She said that as far as she remembers, "He never had contact with the president as president".

NYU School of Law

Bell's visiting professorship at New York University began in 1991. After his two year leave of absence, his position at Harvard ended and he remained at NYU where he continued to write and lecture on issues of race and civil rights.

Scholarship

Bell is arguably the most influential source of thought critical of traditional civil rights discourse. Bell’s critique represented a challenge to the dominant liberal and conservative position on civil rights, race and the law. He employed three major arguments in his analyses of racial patterns in American law: constitutional contradiction, the interest convergence principle, and the price of racial remedies. His book ''Race, Racism and American Law'', now in its sixth edition, has been continually in print since 1973 and is considered a classic in the field.

Bell continued writing about critical race theory after accepting a teaching position at Harvard University. Much of his legal scholarship was influenced by his experience both as a black man and as a civil rights attorney. Writing in a narrative style, Bell contributed to the intellectual discussions on race. According to Bell, his purpose in writing was to examine the racial issues within the context of their economic and social and political dimensions from a legal standpoint.

For instance, in ''The Constitutional Contradiction,'' Bell argued that the framers of the Constitution chose the rewards of property over justice. With regard to the interest convergence, he maintains that "whites will promote racial advances for blacks only when they also promote white self-interest." Finally, in ''The Price of Racial Remedies,'' Bell argues that whites will not support civil rights policies that may threaten white social status. Similar themes can be found in another well-known piece entitled, ''Who's Afraid of Critical Race Theory?''

His 2002 book, ''Ethical Ambition'', encourages a life of ethical behavior, including "a good job well done, giving credit to others, standing up for what you believe in, voluntarily returning lost valuables, choosing what feels right over what might feel good right now".

Science fiction

Bell also wrote science fiction short stories, including "The Space Traders", a story in which white Americans trade black Americans to space aliens in order to pay off the national debt and receive advanced technology. The story was adapted for television in 1994 by director Reginald Hudlin and writer Trey Ellis. It aired on HBO as the leading segment of a three-part anthology entitled ''Cosmic Slop'', which focused on minority-centric Science Fiction.

Death

On October 5, 2011, Bell died from carcinoid cancer at St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, at the age of 80. " At the time, the Associated Press reported: "The dean at NYU, Richard Revesz, said, 'For more than 20 years, the law school community has been profoundly shaped by Derrick's unwavering passion for civil rights and community justice, and his leadership as a scholar, teacher, and activist.'"

Selected bibliography

''Race, Racism and American Law'' (1973, Little Brown & Co.; 6th ed., 2008)

''Silent Covenants: Brown v. Board of Education and the Unfulfilled Hopes for Racial Reform'' (Oxford University Press, 2004)

''Ethical Ambition: Living a Life of Meaning and Worth'' (Bloomsbury, 2002)

''Afrolantica Legacies'' (Third World Press, 1998)

''Constitutional Conflicts'' (Anderson Press, 1997)

''Confronting Authority: Reflections of an Ardent Protestor'' (Beacon Press, 1994)

''Gospel Choirs'' (1996)

''Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permanence of Racism'' (1992)

''And We Are Not Saved: The Elusive Quest for Racial Justice'' (1987)

References

External links

Derrick Bell's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project

The HistoryMakers Biography

Rules Of Racial Standing

''Booknotes'' interview with Bell on ''Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permanence of Racism'', November, 15, 1992.

Category:1930 births Category:2011 deaths Category:African American lawyers Category:American lawyers Category:American legal scholars Category:American legal writers Category:Duquesne University alumni Category:Harvard Law School faculty Category:American military personnel of the Korean War Category:New York University faculty Category:People from Eugene, Oregon Category:People from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Category:University of Oregon School of Law faculty Category:University of Pittsburgh alumni Category:United States Air Force officers Category:Cancer deaths in New York Category:Law school deans

name	For Real
background	group_or_band
genre	R&B, Pop, Dance
years active	1993–1999
label	Arista RecordsA&M Records, Rowdy Records
past members	Wendi WilliamsLatanyia BaldwinJosina ElderNecia Bray-Gates
notable instruments	}}

For Real was an American R&B and soul quartet, that formed in 1993. In the latter part of that decade they were nominated for a Grammy, Billboard Music Award, and Soul Train Music Award.

Biography

For Real secured their recording contract by accident. "We were picking up our manager from the airport. So we decided to greet him with an acappella song. Someone from A&M records just happened to be in the airport and heard them perform. Not long after, they were signed," said Latanyia Baldwin.

The band released their debut album, ''It's a Natural Thang'', with production from Brian McKnight on A&M Records in 1994, and it became a critical success, including a rare four stars from Rolling Stone Magazine. Their first single, "You Don't Wanna Miss" hit #28 on the ''Billboard'' chart, courtesy of a danceable new jack swing remix by Steve "Silk" Hurley, which was featured in the song's video. A second single, "Easy To Love," peaked at #65 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The album scored another chart hit with the a cappella love song, "You Don't Know Nothin'," which was written and produced by Mervyn Warren, and which peaked at #27. The song peaked at #54 in the UK Singles Chart in July 1995. The album sold over one million copies worldwide, and peaked at #80 on the Billboard 200.

In 1995, the band appeared in Italian ''Vogue'', modeling mens suits. They toured alongside Stevie Wonder, and lent their voices to the Martin Scorsese film project ''Grace of My Heart.'' The foursome also forayed into acting with appearances in the film ''Shake, Rattle and Rock!'' starring Renée Zellweger and Howie Mandel on ''Showtime''.

They also hit the US Top 20 with the single "Freedom (Theme from Panther)" featuring Aaliyah, TLC, En Vogue, BlackGirl, SWV, and Vanessa Williams from the movie ''Panther''. They also recorded a duet with Stevie Wonder called "Stubborn Kind Of Fellow", which appeared on the Marvin Gaye tribute album, ''Inner City Blues: The Music Of Marvin Gaye.'' For Real also recorded songs for the soundtracks of the films ''Waiting to Exhale'' and ''Fled'' respectively.

After a label change from A&M to Dallas Austin's Arista imprint Rowdy Records in 1996, For Real struck again with the Austin-produced, 60s-leaning single "Like I Do," from their second album ''Free''. "Like I Do" hit #10 on the Billboard singles chart, the video also earned a Billboard nomination for Best R&B Clip, the album made the Top 100, and nearly 400,000 copies in the US, the album's next and last single was the Diane Warren-penned pop ballad "The Saddest Song I Ever Heard" which hit #65 on the Top 100 singles chart. The band performed "Saddest Song" on the TV show All That. ''Free'' included production from top R&B/pop producers like Babyface, Mario Winans, and Jon B.

The band also recorded three songs ("I Do", "Born to Love That Boy" and "Unwanted Number") and appeared in the critically acclaimed film ''Grace of My Heart''. The films soundstrack won a Satellite Award in 1997.

In January 1997, the band won an American Music Award for their work on the ''Waiting to Exhale'' soundtrack, in Summer 1997, the group earned a Soul Train Award nomination for Album Of The Year (By A Group, Band Or Duo) for "Free".

In 1999, Wendi Williams lent her voice to the Emmy winning film ''Introducing Dorothy Dandridge'', with Halle Berry, in which Berry plays a singer but Williams is behind her singing voice.

In 2002, their song "Love Will Be Waiting At Home", appeared in the movie, ''Two Can Play That Game'', that starred Vivica A. Fox and Morris Chestnut.

In 2009, CoryLavel began to work with Josina Elder on her new album.

Discography

''It's a Natural Thang'' (1994)

''Free'' (1996)

Awards and nominations

style="background:#bcbcbc;"	Year	Result	Award	Category	Work
	1996	Nominated	Grammy Award	Album of the Year	Waiting to Exhale
	1997	Nominated	Billboard Music Award	Best Clip - R&B	"Like I Do"
	1998	Nominated	Soul Train Music Award	Album of the Year (By a Group, Band or Duo)	''Free''

References

External links

SingingFool.com Streaming music videos for "Like I Do" and "The Saddest Song I Ever Heard"

Allmusic Discography, biographies, and pictures

IUMA Group photos, lyrics, message board, audio streams, and bio.

Google Album info, photos, and lyrics

Category:American pop music groups Category:American rhythm and blues musical groups Category:African American musical groups Category:American girl groups Category:American soul musical groups Category:Musical groups established in 1992 Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1999